{"id":22990820,"date":"2026-01-27T17:34:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T17:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/?p=22990820"},"modified":"2026-01-29T12:55:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T12:55:37","slug":"self-checkout-migros-1965","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/en\/self-checkout-migros-1965\/","title":{"rendered":"Once upon a time in Switzerland"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Self-Checkout Migros 1965: Long before scanners, touchscreens and AI came to define the checkout area, Migros launched an experiment that was decades ahead of its time.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Rolling Stones top the charts, computers fill entire rooms \u2013 and Switzerland\u2019s leading retailer launches the <strong>Self-Checkout Migros 1965<\/strong> project at its Zurich-Wollishofen store, an experiment that is far ahead of its time: Customers are expected to register their purchases themselves. Not by scanning, mind you, but by typing \u2013 on a mechanical keypad. These are known as self-register desks. And all of this takes place beneath a sign that serves both as a guiding principle and a statement of hope: \u201cTrust for trust\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1396\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/02_Signage_Self-Register-Desks_EN.jpg\" alt=\"Sign reading \u201cSelbsttipp-Kassen\u201d in a Migros store in 1965\" class=\"wp-image-22990792\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Early signage for self-checkout areas at Migros<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1512\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/03_Self-Register-Desk-Zone_EN.jpg\" alt=\"Multiple mechanical self-checkout terminals in a Migros store in 1965\" class=\"wp-image-22990794\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Experimental checkout area with mechanical SCOs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Self-Checkout Migros 1965: A pioneering experiment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea is as simple as it is bold. Shopping takes place as usual in the supermarket&#8217;s shopfloor. But instead of joining the checkout queue afterwards, customers independently add up their purchases at one of the self-register desks. With the receipt generated there, they proceed to the payment counter, where only the total amount is collected. No intermediate checks, no spot checks. The <strong>Self-Checkout Migros 1965<\/strong> experiment was based entirely on trust and on customers manually registering their purchases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From today\u2019s perspective, this may seem almost na\u00efve \u2013 from the perspective of the time, it was visionary. Migros installed no fewer than 14 self-register desks in its Zurich-Wollishofen store. The project attracted attention across Europe, was closely followed by the media and viewed with curiosity. A true real-world laboratory for retail. Or perhaps the first \u201cfuture store\u201d of its era \u2013 depending on how one looks at it. Anyone wishing to \u201cvisit\u201d this laboratory is recommended to watch two videos from 1965:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SRF video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-rAXEy2szyU\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-rAXEy2szyU<\/a><br>HR video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardmediathek.de\/video\/hr-retro-oder-der-markt\/neue-wege-in-der-selbstbedienung\/hr\/NTNkMzQzNzktN2Q3NS00NDA5LWI4NTEtYWQwZjIyODc2YTYw\">https:\/\/www.ardmediathek.de\/video\/hr-retro-oder-der-markt\/neue-wege-in-der-selbstbedienung\/hr\/NTNkMzQzNzktN2Q3NS00NDA5LWI4NTEtYWQwZjIyODc2YTYw<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also highly interesting is Migros\u2019 retrospective on its 100-year history (<a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.migros.ch\/de\/ueber-uns\/unsere-geschichte\/timeline\">https:\/\/corporate.migros.ch\/de\/ueber-uns\/unsere-geschichte\/timeline<\/a>). The timeline begins in the founding year of 1925. The year 1965 includes a dedicated entry on the self-register desks (<a href=\"https:\/\/corporate.migros.ch\/de\/ueber-uns\/unsere-geschichte\/timeline\/vertrauen-gegen-vertrauen\">https:\/\/corporate.migros.ch\/de\/ueber-uns\/unsere-geschichte\/timeline\/vertrauen-gegen-vertrauen<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1396\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/04_Self-Register-Desk_EN.jpg\" alt=\"Mechanical self-register-desk with numeric keypad and Swiss franc display\" class=\"wp-image-22990796\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Self-register terminal with manual keyboard for entering prices<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1658\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/05_Self-Register-Desks-Zone_EN.jpg\" alt=\"Customers using mechanical self-checkout systems at Migros in 1965\" class=\"wp-image-22990798\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Customer-operated checkout process<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201eHousewives, shop \u2013 shop\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The tone of the era sounds unusual today, almost charming. In the above mentioned Swiss television report (SRF) &#8211; see first video link &#8211; the system is described as a \u201cnew sport for the housewife.\u201d Customers are asked whether they have the \u201ccourage\u201d to type in their purchases themselves. The answers are refreshingly honest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u201cI don\u2019t have time \u2013 it takes too long!\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u201cYou need to get used to it first.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u201cOf course it\u2019s faster!\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Between scepticism, curiosity and genuine enthusiasm, a familiar pattern already emerges \u2013 one that we still see at self-checkout systems more than 60 years later: <strong>Acceptance is not automatic; it depends heavily on the situation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Migros-Director Wolbold: Surprisingly modern<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Particularly striking are the statements made by Migros director <strong>Wolbold<\/strong> in a 1965 report by German public television (HR) &#8211; see second video link above. His motivations sound astonishingly contemporary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Avoiding congestion at checkouts<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Speeding up the purchasing process<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acute staff shortages in retail<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hopes of reducing personnel costs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Reading this list, one could easily assume it comes from an interview in 2025 rather than 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The early figures are equally impressive. Within a short time, <strong>67% of customers<\/strong> are using the new system \u2013 and not just younger shoppers. On the contrary, Wolbold explicitly highlights the strong participation of older women, including customers in their seventies and eighties. At first glance, the experiment works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then comes a sentence that, in hindsight, becomes central to the entire story:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cWe naturally hope that it will also succeed financially \u2013 that the trust we place in our customers will truly be rewarded.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1493\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/06_Staff-Assistance.jpg\" alt=\"Customer operating a mechanical self-checkout terminal at Migros during the 1965 trial with friendly assistance from staff\" class=\"wp-image-22990800\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Practical use of mechanical SCO technology by customers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07_Tipping_EN-1024x792.jpg\" alt=\"Customer entering prices on a mechanical self-checkout keypad\" class=\"wp-image-22990802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07_Tipping_EN-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/07_Tipping_EN-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Core process of mechanical self-checkout: Entering prices manually.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The critical point: Inventory discrepancies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where the quiet but decisive turning point begins. As elegant as the concept is, reality in the store reveals a downside: <strong>Significant inventory discrepancies.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Migros initially remains cautious in its interpretation. It avoids directly accusing customers of dishonesty. Perhaps it is careless typing. Perhaps other factors are at play. But the figures are clear enough to force action:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At first, <strong>random spot checks<\/strong> are introduced<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later, <strong>permanent checks of all purchases<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, the concept defeats its own purpose. What remains of the hoped-for acceleration at the checkout when everything must be checked again in the end?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The honest answer: <strong>Nothing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/08_Trust_EN-1024x792.jpg\" alt=\"Sign reading \u201cTrust for trust\u201d displayed during Migros\u2019 1965 experiment\" class=\"wp-image-22990804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/08_Trust_EN-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/08_Trust_EN-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Guiding principle of the Migros trial<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/09_Receipt_EN-1024x792.jpg\" alt=\"A female customer retrieves her self-generated receipt from a self-service checkout terminal in 1965.\" class=\"wp-image-22990806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/09_Receipt_EN-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/09_Receipt_EN-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The receipt generated by the customers is the basis for payment at the final checkout.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From the Self-Checkout Migros 1965 to modern up-to-date SCO-Systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Fast-forward to the present. Self-checkout systems (SCOs) are now an integral part of modern supermarkets. The objectives are exactly the same as in 1965:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Higher checkout speed<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fewer queues<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relief in times of staff shortages<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduced personnel costs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And the core problem remains unchanged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>As soon as customers are responsible for registering items themselves, inventory discrepancies increase.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The difference between 1965 and today lies not in human behaviour \u2013 but in technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/10_On_the_way_to_the_Paydesk_EN-1024x792.jpg\" alt=\"Customer moving from self-checkout to the payment counter\" class=\"wp-image-22990808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/10_On_the_way_to_the_Paydesk_EN-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/10_On_the_way_to_the_Paydesk_EN-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Separated registration and payment processes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/11_Paydesk_EN-1024x792.jpg\" alt=\"Payment being made at the final checkout after using self-checkout\" class=\"wp-image-22990810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/11_Paydesk_EN-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/11_Paydesk_EN-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Completion of the self-checkout process<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trust alone is not enough \u2013 then or now<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>My personal conclusion is therefore clear: The <strong>Self-Checkout Migros 1965<\/strong> experiment demonstrates impressively that technological progress alone is not sufficient when human factors are underestimated. The appeal of \u201cTrust for trust\u201d was sympathetic, courageous and well intentioned. However, it was neither then nor now followed without exception by all customers. Not out of malice, but rather due to a combination of carelessness, overload, time pressure \u2013 and yes, also deliberate manipulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, one thing is clear: <strong>Retail can no longer function without SCO.<\/strong><br>And equally clear: <strong>It cannot function without measures to prevent \u201cregistration inaccuracies\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The key difference compared with 1965 is this:<br>Retailers today are no longer relying on mechanical keys and hope, but on a powerful set of fraud-prevention tools, including, among others:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AI-based systems for product recognition<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI-based systems for analysing customer behaviour at SCO<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EAS systems and security labels as well as locks \/ seals for theft-prone product groups<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Control scales<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integration with item-specific data from the POS system for plausibility checks<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electronically controlled exit gates<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitoring of customer movement patterns within the SCO zone<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The above list is by no means complete. But it shows that while the SCO zone at Migros in 1965 was an experiment with an uncertain outcome, six decades of technological development have turned the basic idea into a manageable system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Respect for the pioneers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What remains is great respect for Migros. In 1965, the company dared to attempt something that was decades ahead of its time. Without a blueprint. Without digital safety nets. And with genuine entrepreneurial risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Put differently:<br><strong>The world\u2019s first SCO did not appear at EuroShop in 1990<\/strong> (see <a href=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/en\/check-robot-the-worlds-first-self-checkout-from-1990\/\">https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/en\/check-robot-the-worlds-first-self-checkout-from-1990\/<\/a>) <strong>\u2013 but already in 1965 in Zurich-Wollishofen.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Once upon a time in Switzerland&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last but not least, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the archive of the Migros Cooperative Federation, Zurich, as well as the archive of Swiss Radio and Television (SRF), Zurich, for their support and for granting permission to use historical image material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rights notice:<\/strong><br>The use of photographs from Migros and screenshots from the original 1965 SRF video is made with the kind permission of the respective rights holders. All rights to the image and video material remain with the original authors. Any further use \u2013 in whole or in part, for commercial or non-commercial purposes \u2013 is not permitted without explicit consent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Migros invented the self-checkout in 1965 \u2013 and why trust alone wasn\u2019t enough\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22990836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"dipi_cpt_category":[],"class_list":["post-22990820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Self-Checkout Migros 1965<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Self-Checkout Migros 1965: Migros tests mechanical self-entry checkouts \u2013 an experiment between trust and inventory discrepancies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dr-rainer-eckert.de\/en\/self-checkout-migros-1965\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Self-Checkout Migros 1965 \u2013 Der Ursprung moderner SCO-Systeme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1965 testete Migros in Z\u00fcrich mechanische Selbsttipp-Kassen. 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